The core technology is a hydrogel formation induced by colloidal silica. When spray applied to concrete, the nano-size colloidal silica reacts with the calcium hydroxide in the pore water to penetrate into the concrete pores to depths of 150mm to form a stable, polymerized hydrogel in the pores and porosity. This hydrogel over time reaches strengths similar to Calcium Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H, cement paste). Its most important function though, at any age, is that it stops moisture migration through the concrete porosity. Once the reaction has taken place, and the hydrogel is formed, it is permanent and cannot be reversed or removed, it becomes part of the concrete itself. Colloidal silica particles are nano-size and able to work in the nano-size concrete pores. A typical concrete pore is around 50 nanometres, and colloidal silica is in the range of 5-20 nanometres in size. For scale, a human hair is 100,000 nanometres. AQURON 2000 spray on concrete waterproofing can be applied to new or existing concrete. MARKHAM recommends applying AQURON 2000 to concrete during the curing stage, for enhanced curing and maximum long-term benefit.